The term “Bona Fide” originates from Latin, denoting “in good faith.” It encapsulates the ethos of honesty, sincerity, and the absence of fraudulent intent within any action, agreement, or transaction. In the context of Pakistan, this principle is not only…
The doctrine of Audi Alteram Partem, a Latin phrase meaning “hear the other side,” constitutes a foundational pillar of justice and equity within both Islamic jurisprudence and secular legal systems. This principle operates as a critical nexus, harmonizing the procedural…
The term ad infinitum, originating from the Latin words “ad” (to) and “infinitum” (infinity), signifies a state or condition that extends perpetually without termination. Historically, this term has been employed across various disciplines—such as mathematics, philosophy, and law—to describe processes,…
Introduction The term “Ad Idem” originates from Latin and translates to “to the same thing.” In legal terminology, it signifies mutual understanding and agreement between parties on the same matter. In the context of contract law, the concept is a…
The Latin maxim Actus non facit reum nisi mens sit rea forms a cornerstone of criminal jurisprudence. Translated as “The act does not make a person guilty unless the mind is also guilty,” it emphasizes the necessity of both a…
Introduction The legal maxim Actio personalis moritur cum persona holds a significant place in jurisprudence. This Latin phrase translates to “a personal right of action dies with the person.” It implies that certain legal claims or liabilities extinguish upon the…
IntroductionActa exteriora indicant interiora secreta, a Latin maxim, translates to “External actions show internal secrets.” This principle underscores that an individual’s actions can reveal their inner intentions, motives, or state of mind. This doctrine holds significant relevance in the realm…